Monday, December 28, 2015

References to Royal Favourites

  1. Africans in medieval & Renaissance art: Duke Alessandro de' Medici. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/a/africans-in-medieval-and-renaissance-art-duke-alessandro-de-medici/
  2. Anisimov, E. V. (2004). Five empresses: court life in eighteenth-century Russia. : Greenwood Publishing Group. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  3. Aposlolakou, L. (2009, May 14). Jane Digby and Count Theotokis -- scandalous love affairs in Greece. Retrieved from http://lito-apostolakou.suite101.com/love-stories-in-history-a115934
  4. Arnold-Baker, C. (2001).  The companion to British history.  Retrieved from Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  5. Bauer, C. (1885). Memoires of Caroline Bauer. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  6. Barton, S. (2002). The aristocracy in twelfth century Leon and Castile. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  7. Bayliss, K. (2007). Secret royal history. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  8. Berlanstein, L. R. (2001). Daughters of Eve: a cultural history of French theater women from the Old Regime to the fin de siecle. Retrieved  from http://books.google.com/books
  9. Bingham, C. (2006). The affairs of women: a modern miscellany. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  10. Black, J. (2006).  George III: America's last king.  Cambridge, MA: Yale University Press.  Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  11. Black, J. (2007). The Hanoverians: the history of a dynasty. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  12. Blech, B. & Doliner, R. (2009). The Sistine secrets: Michaelangelo's forbidden messages in the heart of the Vatican. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  13. Blumberg, A. (Ed.). (1995). Great leaders, great tyrants?: contemporary views of world rulers who made history. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  14. Bogucka, M. (2004). Women in early modern Polish society, against the European background. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  15. Bongie, L. L. (1986). The love of a prince: Bonnie Prince Charlie in France, 1744-1748. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  16. Breslin, T. A. (2002). Beyond pain: the role of pleasure and culture in the making of foreign affairs. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  17. Bradlaugh, C. (1884). John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough: the mob, the scum, and the dregs. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  18. Brewer, E.C. (1878). The political, social and literary history of France. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  19. Bueno de Mesquita, D. M. (2011). Giangaleazzo Visconti, duke of Milan (1351-1402): a study in the political career of an Italian despot. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  20. Burke, J. (1831). A general and heraldic dictionary of peerages of England, Ireland, and Scotland, extinct, dormant, and in abeyance. England. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  21. Busby, K. (Ed.). (1993). The manuscripts of Chretien de Troyes. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  22. Carlton, C. (1990). Royal mistresses. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  23. Cantor, N. F. & Ranieri, D. (2007). Alexander the Great: journey to the end of the earth.Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  24. Carney, J. E. (Ed.). (2001). Renaissance and Reformation, 1500-1620: a biographical dictionary. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  25. Carroll, L. (2010). Notorious royal marriages: a juicy journey through nine centuries of dynasty, destiny and desire. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  26. Cerami, C. A. (2004). Jefferson's great gamble: the remarkable story of Jefferson, Napoleon and the men behind the Louisiana Purchase. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  27. Coleridge, S. T. (1845). Encyclopaedia metropolitana, or, Universal dictionary of knowledge: history and biography (Vol. 12). Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  28. Comyn, R. B. (1841). The history of the western empire from its restoration by Charlemagne to the accession of Charles V (Vol. 2). Retrieved from http://books.google.com/booksCopponi, N. (2007).  Victory of the west: the great Christian-Muslim clash at the battle of Lepanto.  Cambridge, MA: De Capo Press. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  29. Crabb, A. (2000). The Strozzi of Florence: widowhood and family solidarity in the Renaissance. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  30. Crompton, L. (2006). Homosexuality and civilization. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  31. Cuttler, S. H. (2003). The law of treason and treason trials in later medieval France (3rd series, Vol. 16). Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  32. Davis, J. A. (2006). Naples and Napoleon: southern Italy and the European revolutions, 1780-1860. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  33. Ditmore, M. S. (Ed.). (2006). Encyclopeadia of prostitution and sex work (Vol. 1). Retrieved from http://books.google.com/booksDrees, C. J. (ed.) (2001).  The late medieval age of crisis and renewal, 1300-1500: a biographical dictionary.  Westport, CT:  Greenwood Publishing Group.  Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  34. Dumas, A. and Coward, D (1998). The Vicomte de Bregelonne. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  35. Earenfight, T. (Ed.) (2005). Queenship and political power in medieval and early modern Spain. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  36. Earenfight, T. (2010). The king's other body: Maria of Castile and the crown of Aragon. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/booksEmerson, K.  (2011).  A Who's Who of Tudor Women.  Retrieved from http://www.kateemersonhistoricals.com/TudorWomenIndex.htm
  37. Faucher-Magnan, A. (1948). The small German courts in the eighteenth century. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  38. Finlay, (1877). A history of Greece: the Byzantine Empire, part 1, A.D. 716-1057. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  39. FitzLyon, K. & Hughes, J. (2003). The companion guide to St. Petersburg. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  40. Flash. (2006, March 12). Jane Digby [Msg 59274]. Message posted to http://www.qi.com/talk/viewtopic.php?p=59652
  41. Frantz, D. & Collins, C. (2004). Death on the Black Sea: the untold story of the 'Struma' and World War II's holocaust at sea. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  42. Fraser, A. (2007). Love and Louis XIV: the women in the life of the Sun King. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  43. Freer, M. W. (1858). Henry III, king of France and Poland: his court and times (Vol. 2). Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  44. Garland, L. (2006). Zoe Porphyrogenita (wife of Romanus III, Constantine IX, and Michael IV). In R. Weigel (Ed.). De Imperatoribus Romanis. Retrieved December 16, 2011, from http://www.roman-emperors.org/zoep.htm
  45. Gill, G. (2009). We two: Victoria and Albert, rulers, partners and rivals. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  46. Gillen, M. (2008). Montgenet. In John English and Real Belanger (Eds.), Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online (1821-1835, Vol. VI). Retrieved from http://www.biographi.ca/
  47. Given-Wilson, C. & Curteis, A. (1984). The royal bastards of England. London: Routledge. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  48. Gregovorious, F. (2003). Lucretia Borgia. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  49. Green, J. A.. (2006). Henry I: king of England and duke of Normandy. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  50. Grosman, M. (2007). World military leaders: a biographical dictionary. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  51. Griffin, S. (2001). The book of the courtesans: a catalogue of their virtues. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  52. Hale, S. J. (1853). Woman's record, or, sketches of all distinguished women: from the creation to A.D. 1854 (2nd Ed.). Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  53. Hamilton, T. (2003). Skin flutes and velvet gloves: a collection of facts and fancies, legends and oddities about the body's private parts. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  54. Hay, G. (1876). History of Arbroath to the present time: with notices of civil and ecclesiastical affairs of the neighbouring district. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  55. Herman, E. (2004). Sex with kings: 500 years of adultery, power, rivalry and revenge. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  56. Herman, E. (2007). Sex with the queen: 900 years of vile kings, virile lovers, and passionate politics. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  57. Herman, E. (2008). Mistress of the Vatican: the true story of Olimpia Maidalchini, the secret female pope. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  58. Herold, J. C. (2002). The age of Napoleon. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  59. Hess, W. R. (2002). The dark side of Shakespeare: an iron-fisted romantic in England's most perilous times (Vol. I). Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  60. Hewson, D. (2008). The garden of evil: a novel. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  61. Hibbert, C. (2008). The Borgias and their enemies, 1431-1519. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/book
  62. Higgins, S. E. (1885). Women of Europe in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries (Vol. 2). Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  63. Hill, G. (2010). A history of Cyprus. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  64. Hope, Q. M. (1999). Saint-Evremond and his friends.   Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  65. Honeyman, D. & Shakespeare, W. (1997). Shakespeare's sonnets and the court of Navarre.  Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  66. Houghton Mifflin Co. (2003). The Houghton Mifflin dictionary of biography. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  67. Hughes, L. (1996). Peter the Great's two weddings: changing images of women in a transitional age. In R. J. Marsh (Ed.), Women in Russia and Ukraine (pp. 31-44). Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  68. James, L. (Ed.). (2010). A companion to Byzantium. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  69. Jewell, H. M. (1996). Women in medieval England. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  70. Johnson, R. A. (2006). Saint Croix, 1770-1776: the first salute to the Stars and Stripes. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  71. Jones, B. W. (1993). The emperor Domitian. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/booksJones, P. J. (2005).  The Malatesta of Rimini and the papal state.  Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.  Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  72. Julicher, P. (2003). Renegades, rebels and rogues under the tsars. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  73. Kazhdan, A.P. and Constable, G. (1982). People and power in Byzantium: an introduction to modern Byzantine studies. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  74. Knecht, R.J. (1996). Renaissance warrior and patron: the reign of Francis I. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/booksKnecht, R. (2007). The Valois: kings of France, 1328-1589.  Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  75. Langdon, G. (2006). Medici women: portraits of power, love and betrayal from the court of Duke Cosimo I. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  76. Lauren, A. (2010, April 15). 17th Cent. Christian V, King of Denmark and Norway. Retrieved from http://ann-lauren.blogspot.com/2010/04/17th-cent-christian-v-king-of-denmark.htmlLawrence, C. M. (ed.) (1997). Women and art in early modern Europe: patrons, collectors and connoiseurs.  University Park, PA: Penn State Press. . Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  77. Lederman, L.M. & Teresi, D. (2006). The god particle; if the universe is the answer, what is the question?. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  78. Ley, D. J. (2009). Insatiable wives: women who stray and the men who love them. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  79. Line, P. (2007). Kingship and state formation in Sweden, 1130-1290. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  80. Line, P. (2007). Kingship and state formation in Sweden, 1130-1290. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  81. Longo, J. M. (2008). Isabel Orleans-Bragança: the Brazilian princess who freed the slaves. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  82. Low, S. J. and Pulling, F. S. (Eds.) (1884). The dictionary of English history. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  83. McIver, K. A. (2006). Women, art and architecture in northern Italy, 1520-1580: negotiating power. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books

  85. McLynn, F. (2011). Napoleon: a biography. Retrieved rom http://books.google.com/books
  86. Macpherson, I. R. & MacKay, A. (1998). Love, religion and politics in fifteenth century Spain. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  87. Mad Monarchist, The. Retrieved from http://madmonarchist.blogspot.com/
  88. Magnusson, M. (2003). Scotland: the story of a nation. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  89. Mahon, E. K. (2007, October 25). All for love - the life of Jane Digby. [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://scandalouswoman.blogspot.com/2007/10/all-for-love-life-of-jane-digby.html
  90. Maree. (2008, September 12). From France to Martinique. Retrieved from http://demestrefamilyhistory.blogspot.com/2008/09/de-mestre-french-origins.html
  91. Martin, B. J. (2011). Napoleonic friendships: military fraternity, intimacy and sexuality in nineteenth-century France. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  92. Maxwell, W. S. and Cox, G. W. (1883). Don John of Austria: or passages from the history of the sixteenth century, 1547-1578 (Vol. 2). Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  93. Melville, L. (2005). The Windsor beauties: ladies of the court of Charles II. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  94. Menzies, S. (1866). Royal favourites (Vol. 1). Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  95. Meyer, R. B. (2003). August 9: the terrible Sixtus. In Freethought Almanac. Retrieved from http://freethoughtalmanac.com/?p=2857
  96. Mitchell, L. E. (2003). Portraits of medieval women: family, marriage, and politics in England, 1255-1350. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  97. Mitchell, L. E. (2007). Family life in the Middle Ages. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  98. Montefiore, S. S. (2005). Potemkin: Catherine the Great's imperial partner. Toronto: Random House of Canada. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  99. Murphy, C. (2008). Murder of a Medici princess. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  100. Nader, H. (2004). Power and gender in Renaissance Spain: eight women of the Mendoza family, 1450-1650. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  101. Neill, J. (2009). The origins and role of same-sex relations in human societies. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  102. Nielsen, M. & Rathje, A. (2010) Johannes Wiedewelt: a Danish artist in search of the past, shaping the future. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  103. Ogden, S. (2008, January 13). Seminar group project: Victorian cool. Retrieved from http://victoriareigns1087.blogspot.com/2008/01/seminar-group-project-victorian-cool.html
  104. Olsen, K. (1994). Chronology of women's history. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  105. Orr, C. C. (Ed.). (2004). Queenship in Europe, 1660-1815: the role of the consort. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  106. Orr, L. (2007). Famous affinitiesof history; the romance of devotion (four volumes in one). Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  107. Pardoe, J. (2010). The life of Marie de Medicis, queen of France. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  108. Pernis, M. G. & Adams, L. S. (2006). Lucrezia Tornabuoni de' Medici and the Medici family in the fifteenth century.
  109. Peter, K. (2001). Beloved children: history of aristocratic childhood in Hungary in the early modern age. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  110. Pierre, C. (2005). "Genius has no sex": the sculpture of Adele D'Affry, the Duchess Castiglione Colonna, a.k.a. Marcello (1836-1879).
  111. Quintana, M. J. (1833). Lives of celebrated Spaniards. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  112. Rappoport, A. S. (2003).  Love affairs of the Vatican or the favorites of the Popes. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  113. Ringdal, N. J. & Daly, R. (2005). Love for sale: a world history of prostitution @Google Books
  114. Robinson, A. M. F. (1889). The end of the Middle Ages: essays and questions in history @Google Books
  115. Robinson, J. (2008). Court politics, culture and literature in Scotland and England, 1500-1540. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  116. Rohl, J. C. G. (1998). Young Wilhelm: the Kaiser's early life, 1859-1888 @Google Books
  117. Roscoe, W. (1847). The life of Lorenzo de' Medici, called the Magnificent (9th ed.)
  118. Rose, H. J., et. al. (1848). New general biographical dictionary (Vol. 6). Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  119. Rowen, H. H. (1990). The Princes of Orange: the stadholders in the Dutch Republic @Google Books
  120. Rossi, S. (2003). Jewish musician in late Renaissance Mantua. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  121. Rounding, V. (2003). Grandes Horizontales: the lives and legends of four nineteenth-century courtesans. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  122. Rounding, V. (2008). Catherine the Great: love, sex and power. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  123. Rowen, H. H. (1990). The Princes of Orange: the stadholders in the Dutch Republic. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  124. Ruiz, T. F. (2007). Spain's centuries of crisis: 1300-1474. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  125. Rumigny, M. H. (1910). The nobilities of Europe. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  126. Russell, C. (n.d.). Women of history. In A Bit of History. Retrieved from http://abitofhistory.net/
  127. Sanchez, M. S. and Saint-Saens, A. (Eds.) (1996). Spanish women in the Golden Age: Images and Realities. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  128. Schoolfield, G. C. (Ed.) (1998). A history of Finland's literature. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  129. Scott, F. D. (1992). Sweden: the nation's history. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  130. Scott, J. M. (1885). The martyrs of Angus and Mearns: sketches in the history of Scottish Reformation. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  131. Sewell, R. (2002). Plantagenet ancestry. Retrieved from http://www.robertsewell.ca/plantagenet.html
  132. Sharp, T. (2001). Pleasure and ambition: the life, loves and wars of Augustues the Strong, 1670-1707. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  133. Shaw, K. (2001). Royal Babylon: the alarming history of European royalty. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  134. Sismonde, J. C. & Roscoe, T. (1853). Historical view of the literature of the south of Europe (Vol. 1). Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  135. Somervill, B. A. (2006). Catherine de Medici: the power behind the French throne. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  136. Stephenson, P. (Ed.). (2010). The Byzantine world. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  137. Stone, D. (2001). The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386-1795. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  138. Streeter, M. (2007). Catherine the Great. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  139. Streich, M. (2008, December 10). Empress Elizabeth of Russia: the era of palace revolutions in St. Petersburg ends in stability [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://michael-streich.suite101.com/empress-elizabeth-of-russia-a83349
  140. Strindberg, A. & Lofgren, L. A. (Ed. & trans.) (2002). Selected poems of August Strindberg. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/booksStuart, N. R. (2004).  Isabella of Castile: the first Renaissance queen.  Lincoln, NE: iUniverse, Inc. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  141. Summers, J. (2006). Casanova's women: the great seducer and the women he loved. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  142. Symcox, G. (1983). Victor Amadeus II: absolutism in the Savoyard state, 1675-1730. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  143. Thieme, H. P. (2006). Women of modern France. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  144. Thomas, E. F. & Caswell, E. C (1935). Ladies, lovers and other people. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  145. Tinagli, P. (1997).  Women in Italian Renaissance art: gender, representation, identity. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 
  146. Treasure, G. (1997). Mazarin: the crisis of absolutism in France. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  147. Trevor-Roper, H. R. (2006). Europe's physician: the various life of Sir Theodore de Mayerne. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/booksTroyat. H. (2002). Alexander of Russia: Napoleon's conqueror. New York, NY: Grove Press. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  148. Trove: Digitized Newspapers and More.
  149. Tyrrell, J. (2010, January 9). Rachel: "I prefer renters to owners" [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://johntyrrell.blogspot.com/2010/01/rachel-i-prefer-renters-to-owners.html
  150. Tytler, P. F. (1828). History of Scotland (Vol..II). Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  151. Uglow, J.S. & Henry, M. (1999). The northeastern dictionary of women's biography (3rd Ed.). Retrieved from http://www.robertsewell.ca/plantagenet.html
  152. Vehse, E. (1856). Memoirs of the court, aristocracy, and diplomacy of Austria (Vol. 2). Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  153. Venema, J. (2011). Kiliaen van Rensselaer (1568-1643): designing a new world. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  154. Volkov, S. (2011). Romanov riches: Russian writers and artists under the tsars. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  155. von Reumont, A. (1854). The Carafas of Maddaloni: Naples under Spanish dominion. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  156. Vorhees, M. (2008). St. Petersburg: city guide. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  157. Waldherr, K. (2008). Doomed queens: royal women who met bad ends, from Cleopatra to Princess Di. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  158. Walsh, R. J. (2005). Charles the Bold and Italy (1467-1477): politics and personnel. Retrieved from http://www.robertsewell.ca/plantagenet.html
  159. Watkins, R. & Deliso, C. (2008). Bulgaria. Lonely Planet.Weissberger, B. F. (2004).  Isabel rules: constructing queenship, wielding power.  Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.  Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  160. William-Powlett, T. (1994). Alexsander's lovers. In All about Alexander the Great. Retrieved from http://www.pothos.org/content/index.php?page=lovers
  161. Williams, G. L. (2004). Papal genealogy: the families and descendants of the popes. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  162. Williams, M. & Echols, A. (1994). Between pit and pedestal: women in the Middle Ages.  Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  163. Wright, T. (1846). Essays on subjects connected with the literature, popular superstitions and history of England in the Middle Ages (Vol. 2). Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  164. Wright, T. (1992). A comprehensive dictionary of the world (Vol. 1, Part 2). Retrieved from http://www.robertsewell.ca/plantagenet.html
  165. Wortman, R. S. (2006). Scenarios of power: myth and ceremony in Russian from Peter the Great to the abdication of Nicholas II.  Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.  Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
  166. Zaho, M. A (2004). Imago triumphalis: the function and significance of triumphal imagery for Italian Renaissance rulers. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books
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Friday, December 18, 2015

Double-Dippers in Royal Favourites--


"That Richard determined to follow his own star became clear when he selected those advisers and courtiers who would be closest to him. Sensible Simon Burley remained his main confidante and mentor, providing a link with the Black Prince and the comforting past, but two appointments signified a change of direction and demonstrated the new king's determination to st a personal seal on his court. When parliament appointed Michael de la Pole, a wealthy and influential supporter of John of Gaint, and the Earl of Arundel to 'advised and govern the king,' the intention was to provide tutelage and to place a curb on Richard's wilder tendencies, but the appointments were soon used to the throne's advantage. Shortly afterward, in March 1383, the chancellor Richard Scrope criticized the king for awarding lavish grants to his followers. This rap of the knuckles, however, achieved nothing other than to have the perpetrator of the criticism sacked. Then Richard intervened to show that he was his own man and would not be hobbled by advisors: De la Pole was appointed in Scrope's place, and two years later he was created Earl of Suffolk, a position that gave him enhanced authority at court and direct access to the king. This, too, was a sign of the changing times; the de la Poles were not aristocrats but had made their way up to the world through commerce to gain powerful positions at court. The family originated in Hull, where Michael's grandfather Richard had come to prominence as a merchant financier; by lending large amounts of money to Edward III, Richard de la Pole gained Royal patronage, and in 1333 he left Hull for London, where he was appointed chief butler at court, a post that gave him access to revenues from customs duty on the sale of wine and, more importantly, brought him to public prominence." (Lancaster Against York: The Wars of the Roses and the Foundation of Modern Britain)

Duke of Ireland

"A more pernicious influence was Richard's close relationship with Robert de Vere, 9th Earl of Oxford, a feckless and widely disliked young man who was solon a recipient of Royal favors and grants of land and titles. In 1485 he was made Marquess of Dublin and then Duke of Ireland, an extravagant title that bore no relation to de Vere's talents or contribution to public life and one that was greatly resented by the king's uncles, who, being Royal dukes themselves, were greatly offended by de Vere's rapid advancement. Without producing any hard evidence, Walsingham hinted that there might have been darker reasons for the elevation. This action demonstrated the depth of King Richard's affection for this man, whom he cultivated and loved, not without a degree of improper intimacy, or so it was rumored. It also provoked discontent among the other lords and barons, who were angry that a man of such mediocrity should receive such promotion, for he was not superior to the rest of them in either nobility of birth or gifts of character." (Lancaster Against York)

"In fact there is nothing to suggest a homosexual relationship between the two men---de Vere had already caused scandal by seducing Agnes de Launcekrona, one of Queen Anne of Bohemia's ladies-in-waiting and making her his mistress---but the closeness of their friendship coupled with de Vere's butterfly personality and his capacity for toadying told against him. It was also an awkward reminder of Edward II's earlier and disastrous infatuation with this favorite Piers Gaveston, although de Vere did not possess the same degree of personal authority over Richard, being more of a close friend and confidant than an actual creator of policy. Nevertheless, the establishment of a Royal inner circle was not popular. Not only was it a foolhardy move---in promoting de la Pole, Richard had used his own prerogative and had ignored the wishes of parliament---but in de Vere's case his frivolous presence at court was a constant reminder of the king's recklessness and extravagance. In that respect, his creation of favorites meant that Richard enjoyed only the briefest of honeymoon periods with those who should have been his closest and most loyal supporters. Among those offended by Richard's actions were the Royal uncles and advisers from the days of the Black Prince, who were now pressing for the emergence of more aggressive foreign policy, particularly toward the French." (Lancaster Against York)
Prince Eugene of Savoy
Eugenio di Savoia-Carignano.

Recapture of Buda Castle
Prince Eugene is on
the white horse

His lovers were:
1) Eleonore Strattman, Countess Batthyany. (1672-1741) 
a.k.a. the Fair Lory

"In later years, Eugene had a most confidential and intimate friend of the other sex. The Viennese simply called her 'the fair Lory.' This lady was Eleanor, the rich heiress of Count Strattman, the all-powerful Aulic chancellor of the Emperor Leopold. She had become in 1692 the wife of the gallant Hungarian, Count Adam Batthiany, Ban of Croatia; but she lost her husband in 1703, just at the time when Eugene, having been appointed president of the Aulic Council of War, resided frequently at Vienna. For a quarter of a century, Eugene regularly passed his evenings at the house of the Duchess of Holstein, where he met the Countess Batthiany (sic) for a game at cards; or also at the countess' own house. . . ." (Memoirs of the Court, Aristocracy, and Diplomacy of Austria, Vol. II: 134)

" . . . But the great friend of Eugene for the last twenty-five years of his life was the beautiful Countess Lory Batthyany. For a quarter of a century Eugene passed his evenings at the Duchess of Holstein's, where he met the countess, or at the countess's own house. His four horses used to find their own way there at last, and have been known to stop of their own accord before her doors, with Eugene asleep inside, the coachman asleep on the box, the heyduck of the steps, and the footman in the rumble; the collective ages of master and servants amounting to 310 years. He passed his last evening with the countess, and played piquet till nine in the evening. It was observed that he breathed hard and had difficulty in forcing himself to appear at ease. On his return home his attendant wished him to take medicine which had been prescribed, but he refused, saying 'to-morrow was time enough.' About midnight his servant entered his chamber, and saw him quietly sleeping; but in the morning he did not rise as usual, and he was found to have passed away quietly in the night." (Edinburgh Review, Volume 116: 545) 

" . . . He does not appear ever to have contemplated marriage, and is reported to have said that a soldier should not marry. It was suspected that there existed that there existed a tender relationship between himself and the Countess Batthyany, but they always denied it. Nevertheless, the Countess Batthyany had two children, whom Maria Theresa called Eugene's 'codicils.'. . . ." (Edinburgh Review, Volume 116: 546)

Saviour of the liberties of Hungary: "Immediately after the peace of Passarowitz, he gave notice to his fair friend the Countess Batthyany, by means of a letter from his camp in Hungary, that danger threatened the liberties of Hungary, in these words:---'It is intended to place Hungary on a Bohemian footing.' The countess instantly dressed herself in mourning, and went to the house of the Countess Althann, the mistress of Charles VI. When the monarch came to pay his daily visit to the Countess Althann, he found both ladies in deep mourning. They besought him with tears to do nothing with Hungary until he had heard Prince Eugene. He consented to write a letter to the Prince. The countess's travelling carriage was in the court. Although it was the depth of winter, she travelled day and night, and brought back the Prince, and the liberties of Hungary were saved." (Edinburgh Review, Volume 116: 543)

Mars without Venus: " . . . Eugene, in the early part of his life at Venice, from his independence of the fascinations of the fair sex, was styled by an Italian, Mars without Venus. Nevertheless, scandal said (without reason, as Voltaire thought), that the loss of the battle of Denain was owing to the presence of a fair Italian whom he took with him in that campaign. Voltaire saw the lady in Holland." (Edinburgh Review, Volume 116: 546)

2) Maria Franziska Eleonora von Thuerheim.
Eugene's physical appearance & personal qualities: "Eugene was a small man, not at all handsome. His appearance by no means belied the country where he had received his education---it was completely that of a Frenchman. His complexion was dark, but remarkably clear; his face thin, long, and strongly marked by a large prominent nose, with nostrils like those of a horse. He wore his own black hair, with two small stiff curls: between his fiftieth and sixtieth years, when he began to turn grey, he assumed a large flowing wig. The only fine point about his face was his eyes; they were dark and full of animation. His glance electrified his soldiers, and won the heart of the women. It would, however, have been difficult at first sight to recognise in him the great man; he even looked remarkably silly, had a trick of gazing into the clouds, and, like Frederic II, continually took Spanish snuff from his waistcoat pocket; which suggested to Pope the saying, that Eugene took as many towns as snuff. In his movements he showed an incessant restlessness, yet it was tempered by manly vigour and princely, dignified bearing; and in the intercourse with the world, he observed the most measured deportment, and even reserve. His impulses all came from within, and he never allowed them to be overruled by any extraneous cause. At the first meeting, he was, in most instances, of chilly coldness, taciturn, and reserved. His temperament was tender and sanguine; and he was full of plans an ideas, which unceasingly occupied his mind. In the prime of his life, he seldom slept more than about three hours. He possessed a remarkable instinct for reading the future. . . ." (Memoirs of the Court, Aristocracy, and Diplomacy of Austria, Volume 2: 119-120)

Eugene of Savoy's personal & family background.
"Prince Eugene of Savoy, born in 1663, was a scion of the side-branch of Carignan, which was founded by the youngest son of Charles Emanuel, who reigned at the time of the Thirty Years' War. The founder of this side-branch, Eugene's grandfather, and his father also, had been in the French military service, and had married French women. Eugene's grandmother was the sister and heiress of the last Count Soissons of the house of Conde; his mother, Olympia Mancini, was one of the nieces of the Cardinal-minister Mazarin. Eugene's father was, at the court of Louis XIV, commandant of the Swiss Guards and governor of Champagne. He died, after having been married sixteen years, in 1673, leaving Eugene then a boy of ten years. Olympia Mancini, like Maria Mancini, who afterwards was forced to marry a Colonna, head been one of the numerous mistresses of Louis XIV. Having, however, been soon supplanted by Madame La Valliere, she revenged herself by a satire on the inconstancy of the king, and on some secret love-passages in the life of her more fortunate rival. Being, therefore, banished (from) the court, she went to Brussels. . . ." (Memoirs of the Court, Aristocracy, and Diplomacy of Austria, Vol 2: 117)

" . . . His appearance was by no means imposing: he was small in stature, weak in constitution, rather humpbacked, of brown complexion, with a short upper lip,so that his mouth was always open and displayed two great front teeth; his nose somewhat retrousse with large nostrils. Yet his eyes were noticed to be fine and full of fire and intelligence. . . ." (Edinburgh Review, Volume 116: 506)

" . . . He was generous, true, and above all forgiving. Constant as was the chicanery, jealousy, and spite which pursued him at the Court of Vienna, he always remained true to himself, and his enemies never had the satisfaction of driving him to do or say anything unworthy his reputation. . . . " (Edinburgh Review, Volume 116: 544-545)
Ferdinando de' Medici
Grand Prince of Tuscany 

(1663-1713)

a.k.a. the Orpheus of Princes. 

Son of: Cosimo III de' Medici of Tuscany & Marguerite-Louise d'Orleans. 

Husband of: Violante of Bavaria, daughter of Elector Ferdinand of Bavaria & Adelaide de Savoie, mar 1689. 

Physical Traits and Personal Qualities: "...He was handsome, a fine rider, a talented musician. He sang melodiously, and played the harpsichord...." (Wikipedia) 

His lovers were: 
1) Domenico Cecchi (1650-1717) 
Italian soprano singer 

a.k.a. Cecchino; Cecchino de' Massimi. 

" . . . There was a long-standing association of castrati with homosexuality, and some had been the lovers of powerful men. Grand Prince Ferdinando de' Medici, himself an accomplished musician, met the castrato Domenico Cecchi ('Cecchino') at the Venetian carnival in 1687. So enamoured was Ferdinando of Cecchi that he neglected his wife and failed to produce an heir. Since his younger brother Gian Gastone showed similar lack of interest in the female sex, this marked the end of the House of Medici." (The Castrato and His Wife: 17) 

" . . . (H)is longest-standing lover, who wielded 'great influence over hi,' was the Venetian castrato Cecchino...." (Harris, 2001, p. 39) 

" . . . (S)ome had been the lovers of powerful men. Grand Prince Ferdinando de Medici, himself an accomplished musician, met the castrato Domenico Cecchi ('Cecchino') at the Venetian carnival in 1687. So enamoured was Ferdinando of Cecchi that he neglected his wife and failed to produce an heir...." (The Pig Man Arrives in Monte San Savino, p. 17) 

2) La Bambagia. 
Lover in 1696. 

a female vocalist. 

3) Petrillo. 
a castrato musician. 

"...Prince Ferdinand...pursued both male and female conquests, but an early favorite was the 'young and beautiful' castrato Petrillo...." (Harris, 2001, p. 39) 

4) Vittoria Tarquini. 
Italian opera singer. 

a.k.a. la Bombace (the Bomb) 

Wife of: Jean-Baptiste Farinel (1655-?), the composer, mar 1689.

"...In addition to being Ferdinand's mistress, Vittoria was the wife of the composer Jean-Baptiste Farinel (b. 1655), whom she had married in 1689. Electress Sophie's particular interest in the rumored relationship arises from the fact that Farinel was a violinist and composer in the service of the Elector." (Harris, 2001, p. 181)

" . . .[S]he was a fine woman, and had for some time been much in the good graces of his Serene Highness [the Grand Duke Cosimo III of Tuscany; she was his mistress]. But, from the natural restlessness of certain hearts, so little sensible was she of her exalted situation, that she conceived a design of transferring her affections to another person. Handel's youth and comeliness, joined with his fame and abilities in Music, had mad impressions on her heart. Tho' she had the art to conceal them for the present, she had not perhaps the power, certainly not the intention, to efface them." (Queering the Pitch: 164)

"The Venetian singer Vittoria Tarquini became one of the most celebrated singers of her time. Prince Ferdinando de' Medici became enraptured with her and eventually aroused the envy of his future wife, Violante Beatrice (the daughter of the dedicatee of this work, whom he was to marry the following November). The prince's affair with Tarquini also alienated his favorite castrato, Francesco de Castris (also known as Cecchino de' Massimi. . .). From 1699 Tarquini was in the employ of Gian Gastone de' Medici." (A New Chronology of Venetian Opera and Related Genres, 1660-1760: 185)
Ford Frey, 1st Earl of Tankerville
1815
(1655-1701) 
English nobleman, politician, orator & statesman. 

a.k.a. Lord Grey of Wark

Husband of: Lady Mary Berkeley, daughter of George Berkeley, 1st Earl of Berkeley & Elizabeth Massingberd.

" . . . Lady Henrietta was a daughter of the first Earl Berkeley, and sister-in-law of Ford, Lord Grey of Werke, afterwards Earl of Tankerville, whose scoundrelism even the depraved courtiers of Charles II were ashamed of.  He made his villainy (sic) in this case even more execrable by his duplicity, for he advised her mother, the Countess, to lock her in her room, as he was afraid she would be eloping with one of the grooms.  This was at the very time he had made arrangements for her abduction.  Lady Henrietta was the fifth daughter of Earl Berkeley, and at this time was scarcely seventeen years of age.  She fled from her home in the summer of 1682, was traced to London, and found living in apartments at Charing Cross, which had been taken for her b Lord Grey.  The scene in Court when this wretch was brought to justice was truly touching.  We see this misguided girl still clinging to her betrayer, refusing to give evidence against him, declaring she had left her home of her own free will, and perjuring her soul to shield him by declaring he was not guilty of the offence charged against him, nay, more, she had anticipated that the Court would have to defer judgment, and had provided herself with his bail.  Even this was not enough.  At the last moment she resorted to the most amazing falsehood, almost impossible for woman to conceive, to throw his prosecutors off their guard. . . . " (The Old Halls, Manors and Families of Derbyshire, Volume 2: 155)

[Ref1:Epsom and Ewell History Explorer] [Ref2:Les Scandaleuses] [Ref3:Court Satires of the Restoration:245]

Duke of Athens
(d.1460)

His lover was:

"The Aragonese attempted to reclaim the Duchy, calling Tommaso Beraldo the Duke. However, he failed to dislodge Antonio who left the Duchy to his nephews Nerio II 1435-39 & 1441-51 & Antonio II (1439-45). Although named by Antonio I as heir Nerio II (helped by the Ottoman Sultan Murad II) had initially to fight Antonio’s widow (who was helped by Constantine Palaeologus, Despot of Morea & later the last Emperor of Byzantine Constantinople as Constantine XI). Nerio II was thrown out of Athens by his plotting brother, Antonio II, but returned on his death (1441). He was thrown out by Antonio’s widow, Maria Zorzi. Nerio fought for Constantine XI against the Ottoman Turks, but soon came to terms with Murad. Nerio left the Duchy to his son Francesco I (1451-. The regency was in his mother, Chiara Zorzi’s hands but she remarried to the Venetian Bartolomeo Contarini and the new Sultan Mehmet II was asked by the Athenians to intervene. The young Duke remained at the Sultan’s court. A son of Antonio II, Francesco II (Franco) was placed by Mehmet II on the ducal throne in 1455, but the Duchy was annexed by the Sultan 1456/8. He repudently (sic) became one of Mehmet’s lovers. He started a plot to retake the throne of Athens, so Mehmet had him killed." (Chaletaria, 2006, August 15)
Francesco Algarotti
Francesco Algarotti
(1712-1764)
His lovers were:
1) Firmacon.
"Spring 1738 brought renewed hopes of Algarotti . . . He borrowed money from his brother to take him to England, citing, almost as collateral, his hopes from rich admirers there. He left Italy in December 1737, travelling with a new friend or lover of his own age, named Firmacon. They did not hurry. Hervey, who had been hopeful of seeing him in March, was less so in April, and was making snide remarks about Firmacon in July. . . ."  (Grundy. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu: 379)

2) Friedrich von Preussen, Crown Prince of Prussia
later Friedrich II.

3) John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey.

4) Mary Wortley, Lady Montagu.

5) Lugeac.
Secretary of
French ambassador to Venice.

" . . . In 1735 Algarotti was a guest of Voltaire and his mistress, Mme du Chatelet, for six weeks at the latter's chateau. The cosmopolitan count was a handsome twenty-three-year-old Venetian who charmed both his hosts and shared their wide-ranging enthusiasms for science and literature. Voltaire described him as a 'young man who knows the language and customs of every country, who makes verses like Ariosto, and who knows his Locke and Newton.' . . . . "  (Homosexuality and Civilization: 514)
" . . . Like many at the court, he was bisexual, and was the lover of La Mole and Madame de Sauves. . . ."  (Dumas: 474)

His lovers were:
1) Charlotte de Sauve (1551-1617)
French noblewoman, beauty, courtier & royal mistress.

 2) Joseph-Boniface de La Mole.

 3) Louis de Bussy d'Amboise.
French diplomat, literary man & man of intellect
a.k.a. Abbe Francois de Chateauneuf.

 His lovers were:
1)Francois VI de La Rochefoucauld.

2) Ninon l'Enclos. 

" . . . His (Voltaire) godfather, the abbe Chateauneuf, also oversaw parts of his education. The abbe introduced him to abbe Chaulieu, who in turn introduced him to Deism and the art of writing poetry. Abbe Chateauneuf also introduced his godchild to his lover, the courtesan Ninon de Lenclos, who further encouraged his studies in philosophy and literature. . . ." (Voltaire)
File:Full length portrait painting of Gaston of France, Duke of Orléans in 1634 by Anthony van Dyck (Musée Condé).jpg
Gaston, Duke of Orleans
@Wikipedia


 His lovers were:
1) Louise Rogier de La Marbelliere.

 2) Marie Porcher.
George d'Anthes
George d'Anthes (1812-1895)
French military officer & politician.

His lovers were:
1) Jacob van Heeckeren tot Enghuizen
His adoptive father and alleged lover.
Dutch ambassador to St. Petersburg

 2) Nataliya Nikolaevna Goncharova (1812-1863)

". . . It was, in real life, the handsome Alsatian rake, Horse Guard lieutenant Baron George d'Anthes, adopted son of Baron Louis van Heeckeren, Dutch minister to Russia. Natalia, young, dazzlingly beautiful, adored and admired, simple and unsophisticated, caught up in the enticing net of glamour and gaiety, in the enchantment of court-life, dance and flirted, and won hearts: and d'Anthes was gallant, an aristocrat, rich. She was married as a matter of harsh expediency, and to a man she did not love, whom she did not understand, and whose genius she could never begin to appreciate. Though she was never unfaithful to her husband, she was not above responding to such adoration as d'Anthes pretended to offer. . . As the d'Anthes courtship of Natalia intensified, tongues wagged, faces leered and smirked. Natalia did little to alleviate the heart-sickening jealousy of her husband." (Ewen: 410)

Georges's personal & family background:  
"Georges d'Anthes, Heeckeren's protege, came from Alsace.  The family fortunes had been established at the beginning of the eighteenth century by Jean Henri d'Anthes, a wealthy ironmaster, ennobled in 1731, whose estate at Soultz, near Mulhouse, became the family seat. . . ." (Pushkin: A Biography: 497)
John, 2nd Baron Hervey

English courtier, political writer and memoirist.
Lord Hervey of Ickworth
Vice-Chamberlain of King's Household 1730
Privy Councillor 1730
Member of Parliament 1711

Son of: John Hervey, 1st Earl of Bristol, & Elizabeth Felton, Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Caroline.

Husband of: Mary Lepel, a Maid of Honour, mar 1720

Daughter of Brig. Gen. Nicholas Lepell, Groom of the Bedchamber to George, Prince of Denmark & Mary Brooke.

"His early marriage with Mary Lepel (sic), the beautiful maid of honour to Queen Caroline, insured his felicity, though it did not curb his predilections for other ladies." (The Wits and Beaux of Society: 222)

"Mary Lepel, Lady Hervey, whose attractions, great as they were, proved insufficient to rivet the exclusive admiration of the accomplished Hervey, had become his wife in 1720, some time before her husband had been completely enthralled with the gilded prison doors of a court.  She was endowed with that intellectual beauty calculated to attract a man of talent: she was highly educated, of great talent; possessed of savour faire, infinite good temper, and a strict sense of duty.  She also derived from her father, a Brigadier Lepel, who was on an ancient family in Sark, a considerable fortune.  Good and correct as she was, Lady Hervey viewed with a fashionable composure the various intimacies formed during the course of their married life by his lordship." (The Wits and Beaux of Society: 216)

"When God created the human race he created men, women, and Herveys."
-Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
Olga de Meyer
Olga de Meyer (1871-1931).
British socialite, patron of the arts, model, writer & fashion figure

Daughter of: Gennaro Caracciolo Pignatelli, Duca di Caracciolo & Marie Blanche Sampayo.

Wife of:
1. Nobile Marino Brancaccio (1852-1920), mar 1892, div 1899.
2.dolph de Meyer (1868-1946), mar 1899.

Her lover was:
1) Violet Trefusis.

2) Winnaretta Singer, Princess Edmond de Polignac.
(in 1909-1914)

[Bio2:Esoteric curiosa]
[Ref1:elisabeth-sissi.org]

(1165-1223)

His alleged lover was:

Richard I of England
The Richard I England and King Philippe-Auguste of France's relationship has been described as follows:

"Richard, duke of Aquitaine, son of the king of England, remained with Philip, the king of France, who so honoured him for so long that they ate every day at the same table and from the same dish, and at night their beds did not separate them. And the king of France loved him as his own soul; and they loved each other so much that the king of Ebglabd [Henry II] was absolutely astonished at the vehement love between them and marvelled at what it could mean." (The Private Life of Edward IV: lxxiii)

" . . . Philip Augustus and Richard had been lover in their youth, when the English prince was attending the French court as the favorite son of his remarkable mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. Her efforts to tutor Richard in the knightly art of courtly love, in the pleasure palaces of southern France, had not been entirely successful (Reston, 2001). After their falling out of love, the future kings became entangled in numerous dynastic struggles within and between the two rival domains. . . ." (Johnston, 2008, p. 289)

" . . . According to the 12th-century historian Roger of Hoveden, a passionate love developed between the 29-year-old Richard and Philip, then 22 years of age:  'Richard, duke of Aquitaine...remained with Philip, the King of France, who so honored him for so long that they ate every day at the same table and from the same dish, and at night their beds did not separate them.  And the king of France loved him as his own soul; and they loved each other so much that the king of England was absolutely astonished at the passionate love between them and marveled at it."

"Philip had evidently had a special fondness for Henry II's sons.  Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, Henry's second son, had earlier stayed with Philip at his court in Paris for extended periods, and had become such a part of Philip's life that he made Geoffrey an official in his court.  When Geoffrey, at the age of 28, was killed during a tournament, Philip's grief at the funeral was such that his aides had to restrain him from throwing himself into Geoffrey's grave." (Neill, 2009, p. 245)

Princely Vendome Brothers

" . . . One must note that a similar treatment was reserved to the two princely Vendome brothers wgo were durect descendants of Henri IV, Louis' and Philippe's grandfather, and who may have also posed a threat to the reigning branch of the House of Bourbon. One was a general who exerted himself---and his aides de camp---on the battlefieds. The other, Philippe de Vendome, who enjoyed immunity as Grand Hospitalier and Grand Prior of Malta, assembled around him a happy circle of libertins, poets, writers, painters---and one should add 'hustlers'---a group that prepared for the Regency. His famous 'nuits' met in the Rue du Temple, in the Marais, a street near today's Parisian gay district. There definitely was a royal policy of letting any possible contender to the legitimate monarch run free, and so discredit himself." (Aldrich & Wotherspoon: 408)

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