Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Charles VII of France--

Charles VII of France
@Wikipedia
(1403-1461)

Husband of Marie d'Anjou.


"Only seventeen when they married, Charles VI was tall, blond, chivalrous, and attractive, and he had already distinguished himself as a soldier. . . ." (Victorious Charles: 18)


Charles VII's lovers were:
Agnes Sorel

1) Agnes Sorel 
(1422-1450)
Lover in 1443-1450.

Dame de Beauté-sur-Marne, 1444
Dame de Roqueferriere
Dame d'Issoudun
Dame de Vernon, 1449.

Daughter of: Jean Soreau, a soldier, & Catherine de Maignelais.

Maid of honour to Isabelle, Duchesse de Lorraine.
" . . . It was the custom of those feudal times that young girls of noble birth quit their homes and complete their education at the court of their suzerain; and Agnes, therefore, was brought up at the Court of Lorraine, under the patronage of the Duke's daughter. This princess was Isabella, heiress of Charles I of Lorraine, who was subsequently married to Rene d'Anjou---the 'Good King Rene' of Provencal memory---and became successively Duchess of Bar, Lorraine and Anjou, and Queen of Naples. . . ." (The Saturday review of politics, literature, science and art, Vol 2: 665)

Maid-of-honour to Queen Marie of Anjou 1442.

" . . . After the departure of her royal mistress and friend for Italy, in 1435, Agnes resided at the Court of France, in the service of the Queen, Marie d'Anjou. It is presumed, however, on the authority of Pius II and Jacques de Clercq, that she had already, as a maid of honour to the Princess Isabella, attracted the admiration of the King, between the years 1431 and 1433. . . ." (The Saturday review of politics, literature, science and art, Vol 2: 665)

Agnes Sorel: an overview.
"AGNES SOREL ( c. 1422-1450), mistress of King Charles VII. of France, was born of a family of the lesser nobility at Fromenteau in Touraine. While still a girl she was attached to the service of Isabel of Lorraine, queen of Sicily, wife of Rene of Anjou, the brother-in-law of Charles VII. From 1444 until her death in 1450 she was the acknowledged mistress of the king, the first woman to hold that semi-official position which was to be of so great importance in the subsequent history of the old regime. Her ascendancy dated from the festivals at Nancy in 1444, the first brilliant court of Charles VII. Here her great beauty captivated the king, whose love for her remained constant until her death. He gave her wealth, castles and lands, and secured for her the state and distinction of a queen. This first public recognition of his mistress by a king of France scandalized all good people and awakened jealousy and intrigue. Her sudden death from dysentery, shortly after the birth of her fourth child, was accordingly attributed to poison. Burgundian historians even openly accused the Dauphin, afterwards Louis XI., of her death, and later the enemies of Jacques Coeur, in their search for crimes to be brought against him, used this rumour to charge him with the one crime most likely to turn the king against him. Her heart was buried in the abbey of Jumieges, her body in the collegiate church of Loches. Contemporary writers all bear witness to her extraordinary beauty, but no genuine portraits of her have come down to us." (1911 Encyclopedia Britannica)

First encounter.

"Born in 1422 to a soldier and minor member of the nobility, Agnes Sorel went to work for Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine, whose husband, Rene I of Naples, was the brother-in-law of King Charles VII of France. Agnes was presented to thee thirty-nine-year-old French king when she was twenty. She evidently made an impression on him, because he appointed her lady-in-waiting to Marie d'Anjou, queen of France, and within two years, she was his mistress. She would go on to bear him three daughters. He made her his chief counselor at a time when women's thoughts carried little weight. She encouraged him to sack ineffectual courtiers and engage new advisers who succeeded in rescuing the failing economy. In time, she came to feel invincible, despite opposition from the church and even the rivalry of her own cousin, Antoinette for the king's affection." (Scarlet Women: 33)

" . . . The queen, Marie d'Anjou, was a feeble creature by comparison with her mother, Yolanda, who died in 1442. She appears to have lost control of Charles who suddenly turned to a life of pleasure and debauchery. . . In 1444 he spent several months at Nancy taking part in sumptuous festivities among a brilliant display of chivalry. It was here that he fell in love with Agnes Sorel, the beautiful daughter of the sire de Coudun, who soon became his mistress. She was showered with gifts, pensions and lands. Agnes gave the king four daughters before she died on 9 February 1450. . . ." (The Valois: Kings of France 1328-1589: 74)


" . . . It is impossible to tell precisely when the King first fell in love with Agnes Sorel. Their interviews have remained a mystery. Not very long since, in the ruins of the castle of Chinon, were shown the subterranean vaults that lent their shadows to thes
e midnight interviews." (A King's Mistress, Vol 1: 44)

"The first authentic evidence for the existence of Agnes Sorel is found in an account of the household of Isabella of Lorraine, queen of Sicily. Between 1 January and 31 July 1444, a certain 'Agnes Sorelle' was paid ten livres. Sge was then in a low place in the hierarchy of the household, below most of the ladies and damoiselles who served Isabella. The king could not have seen her before March 1443 when she was probably with Isabella at Toulouse, following her to Saumur in April. Charles was a Saumur from September 1443 until mid February 1444. Marue of Anjou gave borth to a daughter on 1 Decembere. An illegitimate daughter -- Marie -- may have been born to the king and Agnes Sorel in the summer of 1444. By the end of that year she was a damoiselle of the unfortunate queen's household. The house of Anjou-Sicily evidently looked after its own. An inscription recorded as being in the collegiate church at Loches in 1749 confirmed that Sorel was at court by 1444. . . (Charles the Seventh: 92)
Agnes Sorel, c1456
@Wikipedia

Physical appearance & personal qualities.

"The eventual reunification of France and her first steps towards the glorious renaissance well under way in other corners of Europe are credited to one of the unlikeliest of men: the malingering and melancholic King Charles VII. Actually, history credits him, but it was undoubtedly his mistress, Agnes, Sorel, who saved France. Said to be the most beautiful woman of her time, and perhaps all time, Agnes Sorel combined beauty and intelligence to the highest degree, and it is thanks to her persistent encouragement and good counsel that the taciturn and apathetic Charles VII had at least a period of awakening, entirely coincidental with their six years together. When the first met, in 1444, he was despondent, mistrusting, and practically powerless; at he premature death in 1450 he had become the Most Christian and Most Victorious King in the Whole of France." (Victorious Charles: A Ladies' Man - a Biography of King Charles Vii of France: 12)

"Agnes's features have been very imperfectly preserved to us, but still we can discover from them that her forehead was high and open, her eyes blue and piercing, surmounted by long eye-lashes and languishing lids, her nose of perfect shape, and her mouth small. Her neck, shoulders, and bosom were of perfect symmetry and snowy whiteness. . . And with all this beauty she had the gentlest spirit in the world, 'and her eloquence was so much beyond that of other women that she was looked upon as a prodigy.'. . . ." (A King's Mistress, Vol 1: 44)

" . . . The features of Agnes have been but very imperfectly preserved to us by the limner. We may know, nevertheless, that she had a high and open brow; bright blue eyes, fringed with long lashes to their languid lids; a perfectly formed nose; a darling mouth; with neck, shoulders, and bosom of incomparable symmetry and whiteness. On coming to the poor and dispirited little court of Bourges, therefore, the Damoiselle of Fromenteau was in tn the full brilliancy of her charms. The playfulness, too and at the same time the delicacy of her mind, were unequaled; and her conversation, says a writer of the period, so far excelled that of other women, as to cause her to be regarded a s a prodigy of intelligence. . . ." (Royal Favourites, Vol 1: 173)

Her impact, as royal mistress, on French history & politics.

" . . . She used her ascendancy over the king to rouse him from his indolence and voluptuousness;and it was mainly due to her influence that the great change in his character took place. The queen honored her , and showed her every mark of affection." (Sobriquets and Nicknames, Vol 1888: 78)

" . . . Agnes died (in child-bed, as some say) in 1450; twenty-two years after the siege of Orleans. Montrelet says that she had been about five years in the service of the queen, and the king taking pleasure in her liveliness and wit, common fame had spread abroad that she lived in concubinage with him. She certainly had a child, and was willing that is should be thought the king's; but he always denied it . . . And the continuator of Montrelet, probably John Chartier, speaks of the youth and beauty of Agnes, which exceeded that of any other woman in France, and of the favour shown her by the king, which is so much excited the displeasure of the dauphin, on his mother's account, that he was suspected of having caused her to be poisoned. . . ." (Historic View of the State of Europe During the Middle Ages: 58)


The other, opposing view.

"Legend has made an entirely different character of this first official mistress of the French kings. The date of her birth was placed at about 1409, her liaison with the king dated from 1 433. Then, so the story ran, she drew him from his indolence, continuing the work of Joan of Arc, both by nerving the king to warlike enterprises - she did apparently induce him to take part personally in the conquest of Normandy - and by surrounding him with that band of wise advisers who really administered France during her ascendancy. Recent investigation has exploded this romantic story by simply showing that Charles VII. had not met her until ten years later than in the legend. Instead of being his sole good angel, she seems rather to have demoralized the king, who, hitherto chaste, henceforth gave himself up to courtesans. Yet she favoured the best advisers of the king, and at least in this deserved the gratitude of the realm. Pierre de Breze seems especially to have used Agnes to gain his ascendancy over the king." (1911 Encyclopedia Britannica)
Agnes Sorel, 16th c
@Wikipedia
Affair's benefits to Agnes.
" . . . In this way she met Charles, who became infatuated with her beauty and took her as his mistress in 1444. For the remainder of her life Agnes enjoyed an unprecedented semiofficial status as the king's companion and was treated with respect due to a queen. Charles showered her with lands, castles, and treasures, and is said to have relied on her shrewd advice in many political matters. . . ." (Encyclopedia of the Renaissance and the Reformation)

"Charles built a beautiful chateau for Agnes Sorel at Loches, where she frequently resided, it being her favourite place of retirement; she had also another chateau near Vincennes, called 'Beaute,' from which she acquired the title of 'La Dame de Beaute;' she was also the Lady of Issoudun, and of La Roche-Serviere and Countess of Penthievre, in consequence of some possessions which she had in Brittany. All thee and many others were the gifts of the king." (Memoirs of the Queens of France: 235)

" . . . About 1444, Charles presented her with the royal castle of Beaute-sur-Marne, and in 1449 with that of Vernon-Sur-Seine. From the former she took the title Mdlle. de Beaute. . . ." (The Saturday review of politics, literature, science and art, Volume 2: 667)
Image result for agnes sorel chateau de beaute
Chateau de Beaute
@Wikipedia
She's got a girl's best friend.
". . . Agnes Sorel, mistress of Charles VII of France, who posed for a vulgar portrait as the Madonna, was the first woman notably to wear a diamond. Renaissance fashion dictated it as the essence of a pendant, but it also predominated in rings. . . ." ( Divine Domesticity: Augustine of Thagaste to Teresa of Avila: 258)

Affair's benefits to her relatives & other nobles.
"There were perhaps others besides Breze who were advanced in the king's favour by Agnes Sorel. Her relatives benefited from her ascent. Her brothers Charles and Jean were members of the kin's household in 1446, and two other brothers, Louis and Andre, were in the royal bodyguard. Her uncle, Geoffroy Soreau, did even better, and became bishop of Nimes in 1450. Olivier de la Marche claimed that she also 'did . . . much good to the kingdom of France, because she introduced to the king young men-at-arms and noble companions by whom he was subsequently well served. Her influence of the life of the court gave tise to unfavourable comment as well. . . ." (Charles the Seventh: 93)

Natural offspring:
" . . . [A]though the war did not terminate until peace was signed at Tours, in 1444, the English cause was virtually lost at the Treaty of Arras, when the Duke of Burgundy became reconciled with Charles, and ranged his forces under the banner of France. At this period it is that Agnes Sorel is introduced to history as la Belle Agnes, the acknowledged Royal favourite; and up to the time of her death she was, according to a contemporary chronicler, totalement en la grace du Roy. We learn, however, from M. de Viriville, that, prior to this period, whilst in the service of the Queen of Naples, Agnes had had two daughters by the King, in 1434 and 1436." (The Saturday review of politics, literature, science and art, Volume 2: 665)

"She had three daughters, who were legitimized and acknowledged by Charles VII, who richly endowed them: their names were Charlotte, married to Jacques de Breze, count de Maulevrier, who in a fit of jealousy killed her with his own hand; Jane, who espoused Antoine de Beuil, count de Sancerre, and to whom Louis XI gave forty thousand gold crowns for her dower; and Margaret, wife of Olivier de Coetivi. . . ." (Memoirs of the Queens of France: 236)

a. Charlotte de Valois (1446-1477) mar Jacques de Breze, Comte de Maulevrier (1430-1494).

"Charlotte de Valois was the elder illegitimate daughter of Charles VII, king of France (1422 – 1461) and his mistress Agnes Sorel, and was half-sister to Louis IX (1461 – 1483). She was married (1462) to Jacques de Breze, Comte de Maulevrier (died 1494). Possessed of a passionate nature, Charlotte indulged in several flagrant love affairs and sexual escapades, creating considerable scandal. Eventually her husband caught her and a lover in flagrante delicto, and killed both of them (June 15/16, 1477) at Romiers in Dourdan. He then had to flee the wrath of her brother Louis IX for murdering his sister, who was buried at Coulombes." (Russell, Women of History - V)

b. Jeanne de Valois (1448-1467) mar Antonie de Bueil Comte de Sancerre (d.1506)

c. Marguerite de Valois, mar Olivier de Coetivi.

References for Agnes Sorel.
Agnes Sorel in Brooklyn Museum
Agnès Sorel – The first official mistress
Agnès Sorel, the king's ‘favorite’ in Living the life in Saint-Aignan
Agnes Sorel, Mistress of the French King in The Freelance History Writer.
The Lady of Beauty in Forgotten Books
The Memoir of Agnes Sorel in The Court magazine and belle assemblée, Volume 23.
Mistress or Madonna? in Days on the Claise
Poisoning Agnes Sorel
Reading about... Agnès Sorel, la Dame de Beauté in Historical Tapestry
The Royal City of Loches
Royal Favourites in The Eclectic Magazine of Foreign Literature, Science ..., Volume 3; Volume 66
The Royal Mistress Who Gave Diamonds Their Glitter in Stuff Mom Never Told You.

2) Antoinette de Maignelais 
(1434-1474)
Baronne de Villequier
Lover in 1450-1461.

Daughter of: Jean II de Maignelais & Marie de Jouy.

Wife of: Andre, Baron de Villequier (d.1454), King's first gentleman of the bedchamber mar 1450. 


"Shortly after the death of Agnes Sorel, Charles, who appeared, at all events, to have adopted her, married Antoinette to his first gentleman of the bedchamber, Andre Baron de Villequier, of Guerche, in Touraine; and, on this occasion, presented her with the isles of Oleron, of Marennes, and Arvert, as a marriage portion, with a pension of two thousand livres a year for life. The letters granting these advantages are dated October, 1450." (Jacques Cœur, the French Argonaut, and His Times: 188)


A royal favour to a new mistress.

"While the fair Agnes was yet living, there had been at the court of Charles VII a cousin of hers, much younger, and almost her equal in beauty, the daughter of her mother's brother, Jean de Maignelais. From an early age she was accustomed to be with Agnes, and was in great favour with the king, indeed so much so, that it has been supposed that their intimacy gave cause for jealousy on the part of Agnes. It is certain, that, only six months before the death of her cousin, Antoinette de Maignelais received a gift from Charles of an estate which had formerly belonged to her family, and which the king took from the Duke de Bourbon to present to her. The estate had been the object of a long lawsuit between the Duke and Raoul de Maignelais, an ancestor of the young lady's, and had ended in its remaining in the hands of the Duke de Bourbon." (Jacques Cœur, the French Argonaut, and h]His Times: 188)

" . . . She [Agnes de Sorel] was then replaced in the king's affections by her cousin, Antoinette de Maignelais, who remained his maitresse en titre till the end of the reign. Both Agnes and Antoinette were politically influential. . . ." (Knecht: 74)


A procuress for the royal seraglio.
" . . . Antoinette de Maignelais, it is argued, acted as procuress for the king's seraglio, which accompanied him everywhere. On the basis of gossip recounted by Jacques du Clercq, the king has been accused of using Antoinette de Maignelais to procure 'teenage girls . . . from among the French nobility'. But du Clercq contradicts himself. At one point he writes that the 'five or six damoiselles' whom she kept were 'of humble birth', but were dressed as queens. He then goes on to tell a story about a nobleman's eighteen-year-old daughter from Arras who was sent to court by her evil father. The insinuation is that Antoinette was acting as the madame of a royal brothel. To say that it is not necessarily to imply any 'perversions' on the part of the king. The moral of the tale was drawn by du Clercq in terms of paternal meanness on the part of the nobleman rather than royal perversion." (Charles the Seventh: 136)

Affair's end & aftermath.
"Still beautiful, Antoinette de Maignelais was a widow at the time of Charles VII's death, when dreading the pitiless rigor of his son and successor, Louis XI, she fled to the court of the Duke of Brittany, to whom she became sincerely attached; although, if history is to be credited, she preferred a humble artisan of Brittany---a man, however, of the most boundless ambition---who, once introduced by her influence as secretary to the indolent duke, soon, by the might power of his giant intellect, cleared a way through all opposing obstacles to unlimited power---the treasurer Landais." (Ballou's Monthly Magazine, Vol 5: 273)

Sister of Marguerite de Villequier

"Antoinette de Maignelais' beautiful sister, it is through her that she will become the mistress of the king. It will get him a pension of 500 pounds in 1450. She married in 1451 Jean de Lévis, lord of La Roche-en-Renier. They will not have children." (Favorites Royales)

4) Arthuse de Lavieu (1535-1563)
Dame de Nades
Lover in 1456-1458.
Lady-in-Waiting to Marie d'Anjou, Queen of France

Daughter of Jacques de Lavieu, Seigneur Feugerolles and Jeanne Cassinel. (Favorites Royales).

Wife of Jean de Montmorin, Seigneur de Nades, mar 1455

5) Catherine de l'Isle-Bouchard (1395-1472)


Dame des Roches
Comtesse de Tonnerre
Dame de Giac
Dame de La Tremoille

Maid of Honour to Isabeau of Bavaria, Queen of France in 1413
Maid of Honour to Marie d'Anjou, Queen of France

Daughter of Jean de L'Isle-Bouchard (d.1454), Seigneur de Rivarennes, Doué & Rochefort, and Jeanne de Bueil


Wife of:

1. Jean de Loches, Sire de Loches (d.1416), mar 1415
2. Hugues de Chalons, Comte de Tonnerre and Cruzy (d.1424), mar 1418
3. Pierre de Giac (d.1426), Minister and Superintendent of Finance, favorite of Charles VII.
4. Georges de La Tremoille,  Comte de Guines, Boulogne & Auvergne, Minister and Lieutenant General of the King, another favorite of Charles VII, mar 1427

"Then, she married Pierre de Giac, favorite of Charles VII, Minister and Superintendent of Finance. It is believed that it was at this time that she became the mistress of King Charles VII. His third husband was assassinated in 1426 in Issoudun, under the instigation of Constable Arthur of Richmond." (Favorites Royales)


6) Eléonore de La Pau.

"Originally from Touraine, she was bridesmaid to Queen Marie d'Anjou since 1419. She was one of the mistresses of Charles VII. She would have hosted a moment Joan of Arc said the Maid. She married Jehan Dupuy (a counselor Yolande of Aragon) between 1425 and 1429." (Favorites Royales)

7) Jeanne de Louvet, Vicomtesse de Joyeuse. (1400-?)

Lover in 1419.

"Daughter of the Speaker of the Parliament of Provence Jean Louvet and Metheline Lagane, Jeanne was born around 1400. She became the maid of honor of Queen Marie d'Anjou in 1419. She will be presented to the king by her brother-in-law René d'Anjou. According to Pope Pius II, "the queen was not unaware that it was her brother who was pitting whores against her, she cried and lamented that she would be abandoned and abandoned every day.' Meetings are organized at the Roberdeau mansion (at the foot of the Chinon castle) by an underground gallery that connected the residence to the manor. She will marry Louis II Viscount Joyeuse with whom she will have five children. After his relationship with Charles VII, Jeanne will receive a pension from the king until the death of the latter in 1461. After we lose all traces of it." (Favorites Royales)


8) Jeanne de Maignelais (1440-?)

Maid of Honour to Marie d'Anjou, Queen of France, 1450.

Wife of Jean, Vicomte de Comborn


"Sister of Antoinette de Maignelais, she was born around 1440. She became the maid of honor of Queen Marie d'Anjou around 1450. It is her sister wishing to awaken the senses of the king who introduced her into the bed of Charles VII She will be his mistress for a short time and then marry on May 24, 1456 Jean, Viscount of Comborn with whom she will have 3 children. His date of death remains unknown." (Favorites Royales)


9) Marguerite de Villequier.

Sister of Antoinette de Villequier

"Sister of the previous, like this one, she will be pushed by her sister-in-law into the king's bed and will become his mistress for a short time. She will marry Antoine d'Aubusson, lord of Monteil-au-Vicomte with whom she will have four children." (Favorites Royales)

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